PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

                                     
The foundation of Inobasol was in 1951                     The Soledad´s day is on March 8


            

                                          

We use:
At for the time of day:

at five o`clock                at 11:45             at midnight              at lunchtime                at sunset

We use at in these expressions;

at night                                  at the weekend(s)                     at Christmas                       at Easter      
at present                              at the same time                        at the moment

Examples:    I don`t like going out at night                               Will you be here at the weekend?


We use:
On for days and dates:

On Friday (s)                    On 12 March 1991             On Christmas night             On my birthday

Examples:      I will be at home on Friday morning.
                       Do you usually go out on Saturdays evenings?

We use:

In for longer periods (for example months / years / seasons):

In October                    In (the) winter                       in 1968                                 in the 1970s          

In the 18th century       In the Middle Ages               in the past                            in (the) future


We say:

In the morning(s)                                in the afternoon(s)                                    in the evening(s)

Examples:  I will see you in the morning

                  Do you work in the evenings?

We do not use at / on / in before last / next / this / every:

Example: I will see you next Friday
                They got married last March.


In a few minutes /  in six months, etc. = a time in the future
                         
Examples;     The train will be leaving in a few minutes
                      She will be here in a moment.

We also use in... to say how long it takes to do something:

I learnt to drive in four weeks ( it took me four weeks to learn).

PRESENT PERFECT

                   

Mary is looking for her key. 

                     She can`t find it. She has lost his key                        

                               

Pronouns	Auxiliary	Verb in Past Participle
I	have	worked
You	have	studied
He	has	done
She	has	written
We /  You  /  They	have	been

The present perfect simple is HAVE /  HAS  +  PAST PARTICIPLE. The past participle often ends in -ED  (finished /  decided  / lived etc), but many important verbs are irregular (lost / been / written etc).

When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in the past has a reuslt now:

He told me his name but I have forgotten it. (I can`t remember it now)

Is Sally here? No, she is gone out (she is out now).

We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening:

The police have arrested two men.

You can use the present perfect with JUST,    ALREADY, and YET

JUST= a short time ago

Would you like something to eat?  " No, thanks, I have just had lunch"

We use ALREADY to say that something happened sooner than expected

What time is Mark leaving?  He`s already gone

YET=   "until now" and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use YET only in questions and negative sentences.

I have written the letter but I haven`t posted it yet.      

                   

POSSESSIVES

          
               Pilar Rubio                                               James Rodriguez


                         
                  James Rodriguez                                 Daniela Ospina

 
             Salome Rodriguez                                         David Ospina

FAMILY MEMBERS

Father                                     Mother                          Grandparents
Grandfather                            Grandmother                Aunt
Uncle                                      Brother                         Sister
Boyfriend                               Girlfriend                      Brother in law
Cousin                                    Dad                               Daddy
Daughter                                Daughter in law            Godfather
Godmother                             Father in law                 Granddaughter
Grandson                                Mother-in-law              Husband
Wife                                        Parents                          Nephew
Niece                                      Sibling                          Sister-in-law
Son                                         Son-in-law                    Stepfather
Stepmother                             Stepson                         Relative

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

My name is Mary. Nice to meet you.

They are friends. Their names are Jairo and Katya.

We are your new neighbors. Our phone is 3424546

He is my new colleague. His name is Richard

That is my best friend. Her name is Jenny.


You ---  your                                     It  ----   its

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS


A:   Whose cell phone is this?   Is it Jorge´s?
B    No, it isn´t. It is mine


A: Peggy, is that watch yours?
B  Yes, it is,


It is their stereo.              It is theirs
It is his stereo                  It is his
It is her stereo                  It is hers
It is our stereo                  It is ours


Taken from American channel. Elementary

MODALS

                                                         

     Teofilo Gutiérrez can play soccer         Nicolás De Zubiria can cook delicious dishes

                                                           

                                  We can see the lake from our bedroom window.
CAN

Can you speak any foreign language?   Yes, I can.     /     No, I can´t

We use can  to say that something is possible or that somebody has the ability to do something.


The negative is can't    or    cannot

I'm afraid    I can't come to the party on friday ...


(BE) ABLE TO ...

  
Are you able to speak any foreign language?    Yes, I am     /     No, I am not

(Be) able to... is possible instead of can, but can is more usual.

But can has only two form can (present) and could (past). So sometimes it is necessary to use (Be) able to.

         

      I can't sleep

      I haven't been able to sleep recently 

COULD

Sometimes could is the past of can. We use could especially with see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, and understand.

     * She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what the said.

We also use could to say that somebody had the general ability or permission to do something.

     * My grandfather could speak five languages

Negative form: couldn't

MUST

You have been travelling all day. You must be tired 

We use must to say that we feel sure something is true.

We use can't  to say that we feel sure something is not possible

   * They haven't lived here for very long. They can't know many people 

You can use must to talk about the present or future,but not the past


MAY  OR    MIGHT

        She might know or she may know 

We use may or might to say that something is a possibility. Usually you can use may or might, so you can say.

        It may be true 

        It might be true 

The negative form are: may not and might not 

      It may not be true 

       It might not be true 

SHOULD

      You look tired, you should go to bed 

You should do something = it is a good thing to do or the right. thing to do. You can use should to give aduice or to give an opinion.

The government should do more to help homeless people.

We often use should with I think / I don't think 

I don't think you should work so hard.

You shouldn't do something = it isn't a good thing to do.

     

     You shouldn't believe everything you read in the newspaper.

Should is not strong as must.


ACTIVITIES

1. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

a) I loved staying with my grandparents when I was a child. They let me read all the books in the house and told me I could / was able to  go to bed as late as I wanted

b) Why did I listen to you?  I can be  / could have been at home by now instead of sitting here in the cold.

2. Answer the following questions with suitable suggestions, using may or might and the words in brackets.

a) Terry:  Why is John wearing sunglasses? It is not sunny,
    You: (have some problems with his eyes) He __________________________________.

b) Jill: Why didn´t Jane come to the party last night?
    You: (have a row with her boyfriend) She ______________________________________

3. Match the two halves of these sentences

a) You can´t have lived in Tunisia for ten years     * after all your hard work
b) You must know Tokyo is expensive                   * after touring the world for years.
c) You must have met some fascinating people    * if you have lived there.
d) You can´t be tired                                              * without learning some Arabic
e) You must be exhausted                                     * where you have just had a holiday.
f) You may find it difficult to settle down                * during your trip to Africa

Taken from: Focus on grammar
                    English grammar in use.
                   
https://elt.oup.com/student/practicegrammar/basic/b_audiozone/opg_basic_dialogue03?cc=co&selLanguage=en

FUTURE

                                  

Jack will finish his work tomorrow

Jack is going to finish his work tomorrow

WILL and BE GOING TO express future time and often have essentially the same meaning.

WILL

Will typically expresses predictions about the future.

Will does not take a final -s

Will is followed immediatelly by the simple form of the verb

Ex: Ann will come tomorrow around 5:00.

Negative:     Will +  not = won´t

Alex will not be here tomorrow

Alex won´t be here tomorrow.

Question:

Will  +   subject   + main verb

Will you be here tomorrow? Yes, I will.      No, I won´t

Will is often contracted with pronouns:  I´ll,     you´ll,    he´ll.

Will is used to express willingness. In this case, will expresses a decision the speaker makes at the moment of speaking.

BE GOING TO

Anna is going to come tomorrow around 5:00.

Be going to also commonly expresses predictions about the future. In informal speech, going to is pften pronounced "gonna"

Negative:    Be  +    not   +     going to

Tom isn´t going to come.

Question: Be    +   subject     +   going to

Are you going to come? Yes, I am    /       No, I am not.

ACTIVITIES

1. Do the sentences express present or future time?

a) The students are going to give oral reports today  _____________________

b) I am beginning a new job next week. ______________________________

c) Look. It is beginning to rain ______________________________________

d) The teacher will be in her office after class today. _____________________

e) The soccer team is playing well today, They are winning. ________________

2, Correct the errors

a) Marie will cooks some chicken and rice for dinner tonight.______________________

zb) Where you will be tomorrow morning?______________________________________

c) I no will ride the bus to work tomorrow. _____________________________________

d) Marco will probably to call us this evening. __________________________________

e) I going to look for a new apartement. _______________________________________

Taken from: English gramma. Fourth edition.

                                       

                                            

PAST TENSE

                     
Colombus discovered America in 1492        The man arrived to the moon in 1969

           
                                                    
                          Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer.
                          He lived from 1756  to 1791. He started composing at the age of five
                        and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when
                        he died.

Very often the past simple ends in ED (regular verbs)

Example:  I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a shop.

                 We invited them to the party, but they decided not to come


Some verbs double consonant when they end in vowel + consonant.

Example:     Stop   -    stopped                  plan    -   planned        

                   prefer  -      preferred               Regret - regretted

The verbs end in L have LL before ED

 Example:    travel   -     travelled                                  cancel    -   cancelled

The verbs end in a consonant + Y, changes  Y  for I and add ed

Exapmle:                study  -    studied                            carry  -  carried

But many verbs are irregular. The past does not end in ED. Example

Be (am, is, are )                         Was -  were
Write                                          Wrote
Forget                                         Forgot
See                                             Saw
Go                                              Went

In questions and negative we use did -  didn`t + infinitive

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
You enjoyed the movie	You didn`t enjoy the movie	Did you enjoy the movie? Yes .I did    No, I didn`t
They ate hamburgers	They didn`t eat hamburgers	Did they eat hamburger? Yes, they did.   No they didn`t
She went to the park	She didn`t go to the park	Did she go to the park? Yes, she did No she didn`t

              
    ACTIVITIES

1.Put one of these verbs in each sentences. Use the past tense

  

                         Win                 buy              spend                    Cost                  drink            

                      teach                Catch               sell               win           write        play                     

1. .    Mozart ________ more than 600 pieces of de music
2. .    How did you learn to drive? My father __________ me.
3. .    I was very thirsty .I _______ the water very quickly.
4. .    Paul and I ________ tennis yesterday. He is much better than me, so he ________easily.
5. .    Ann ________ a lot of money yesterday. She ________ a dress of 300.000 pesos

2. Complete the sentences put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.

1. .    The film wasn´t very good, I _____ it very much (enjoy).                                
2. .     I was very tired, so I ______ to bed early. (go).
3. .    Sue wasn´t hungry, so she ________ anything (eat).
4. .  We went to Kate’s house but she _________ at home (be).
5. .    The hotel wasn´t very expensive. It _____ very much (cost).

3. Underline the verbs and write in past tense the following text.

Melissa Greene works as a journalist for News channel 7and she is very busy. She starts her day early in the morning. She appears on good morning Chattanooga every weekday from 5:30 to 7:00 am. She presents the news and gives information about the weather, the traffic, etc.

Taken from English gramma in use.

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-simple-past.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypgVc9cC-Jc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9k1rSQTuNw